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        Īn prezent, pe plan naţional şi internaţional, aşa cum rezultă din studiul ariilor tematice S&T ale PC7, se depun eforturi de creştere a nivelului de īngrijire a persoanelor cu diverse dezabilităţi, concomitent cu menţinerea cheltuielilor la nivele suportabile de către societate. Pentru realizarea acestor cerinţe contradictorii, eforturile s-au orientat īn direcţia utilizării a diverse echipamente şi tehnici cu componente informatice şi de telecomunicaţii tot mai sofisticate.

     Privitor la stadiul existent al modalităţilor de īngrijire a persoanelor cu dezabilităţile indicate mai sus, se recunoaşte necesitatea de a fi supravegheate 24 de ore din 24, pentru asigurarea satisfacerii măcar a nevoilor fiziologice strict necesare (hrană, defecaţie, etc.).

      Cu toate acestea, problema realizării unui mijloc simplu, versatil şi accesibil persoanelor cu handicap locomotor major şi cu intelectul puţin sau de loc afectat, destinat monitorizării şi comunicării către cei din jur (īngrijitori, familie, ...), se pare că, pānă acum, a scăpat atenţiei cercetătorilor şi producătorilor.

     Din literatura disponibila (biblioteci şi Internet), din experienţa membrilor echipei de cercetare, rezultă că īn prezent, īn Romania şi foarte probabil, nici īn ale ţări, nu este disponibil īn mod curent, īn comerţ sau īn vreo unitate de tratament, un sistem similar celui propus de noi. Este puţin probabil ca un astfel de sistem, dacă se produce undeva, să nu apară pe Internet. Folosind cuvinte cheie potrivite – de exemplu „Assistive Technology Products” se pot găsi zeci de producători, centre şi institute de cercetare şi sute de produse pentru comunicare cu handicapaţi − dar nimic asemănător proiectului nostru.

     Singurul sistem cu funcţii oarecum asemănătoare celui propus de noi, dar mult mai specializat (şi mai simplu), este īn curs de realizare īn cadrul unui program CEEX, sub numele TELPROT (http://telecom.etc.tuiasi.ro/telprot/).

 

Bibliografie:

[1] J. D. Bronzino, “Biomedical Engineering and Instrumentation”, PWS Engineering, Boston MA, 1986;

[2] J. D. Bronzino, “The Biomedical Engineering Handbook”, CRC and IEEE, Boca Raton, FL, 1995;

[3] D. P. Bryant, B. R. Bryant, “Assistive Technology for People with Disabilities”, Pb. Allyn & Bacon, 2002, ISBN: 020532715X;

[4] A. M. Cook, S. M. Hussey, “Assistive Technologies: Principles and Practice”, Pb. Mosby-Year Book, 2001, ISBN 0323006434;

[5] B. M. Dawant, P. R. Norris, “Knowledge-Based Systems for Intelligent Patient Monitoring and The Management in Critical Care Environments”, Biomedical Engineering Handbook: Second Edition, Ed. Joseph D. Bronzino, CRCPress LLC, 2000, ISBN 0-8493-0461-X;

[6] M.  J. Scherer, Living in the State of Stuck: How Technology Impacts the Lives of People with Disabilities, Fourth Edition, Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books, 2005;

[7] S. C. Bhatnagar, F. Silverman, “Communicating with nonverbal patients in India: inexpensive augmentative communication devices”, http://www.dinf.ne.jp/doc/english/asia/resource/apdrj/z13jo0400/z13jo0405.html;

[8] http://medschool.duke.edu, “New Grant to Fund Research to Aid People with Communication Disabilities”, Durham NC, USA, “Duke University Medical Center”;

[9] EnableMart, producer of communication equipment for the disabled. http://www.enablemart.com;

[10] Speechview, producer of software and video systems for the disabled. http://www.speechview.com;

[11] http://disabilities.temple.edu (The Institute on Disabilities at Temple University of Philadelphia);

[12] www.abledata.com (Site of the National Institute of Disability Rehabilitation Research of the US);

[13] J. Hori, K. Sakano, Y. Saitoh, “Development of Communication Supporting Device Controlled by Eye Movements and Voluntary Eye Blink”, Proceedings of the 26th Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, San Francisco, CA, USA, September 1-5, 2004;

[14] Patmore David W and Knapp R Benjamin, “Toward an EOG-based eye tracker for computer control”, Annual ACM Conference on Assistive Technologies, Proceedings 1998, pp. 197-203;

[15] Viveash Jacqueline P, Belyavin AJ, Bigmore D, Clarkson Geoffreyy J, Mccarthy GW, Rumbold DA, Stott JR, “Determination of eye position in fast jet flight”, Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering, Vol. 2218, 1994, pp. 120-125;

[16] L. Young, “Methods and designs: survey of eye movement recording methods”, Behavior Research Methods and Instrumentation, Vol. 7(5), pp. 397-429, 1975;

[17] Thomas J. Liesegang, Gregory L. Skuta, Louis B. Cantor, “Basic and Clinical Science Course - American Academy of Ophthalmology”, San Francisco, ed. 2007-2008, vol 12 - Retina and Vitreous;

[18] J. H. ten Kate and P. M. van der Meer, “An electro-ocular switch for communication of the speechless”, Med. Progress Through Technology, vol. 10, pp. 135–141, 1983/1984;

[19] J. R. LaCourse and F. C. Hludik, Jr., “An eye movement communication-control system for the disabled”, IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng., vol. 37, no.12, pp. 1215–1220, 1990;

[20] J. J. Tecce, J. Gips, C. P. Olivieri, L. J. Pok, and M. R. Consigio, “Eye movement control of computer functions”, Int. J. Psychophysiology, vol. 29, pp. 319–325, 1998;

[21] R. Barea, L. Boquete, M. Mazo, and E. Lopes, “System for assisted mobility using eye movements based on electrooculography”, IEEE Trans. Neural Sys. Rehab. Eng., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 209–218, 2002;

[22] Jason J. Gu, Max Meng, Albert Cook, M. Gary Faulkner, “A Study of Natural Eye Movement Detection and Ocular Implant Movement Control Using Processed EOG Signals”, Proc. of  2001 IEEE Intern. Conf. on Robotics & Automation, Seoul, Korea, May 21-26, 2001;

[23] J. Keegan, E. Burke and J. Condron, “An Electrooculogram-based Binary Saccade Sequence Classification (BSSC) Technique for Augmentative Communication and Control”, 31st Annual International Conference of the IEEE EMBS, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA, September 2-6, 2009;

[24] Craig A. Chin and Armando Barreto, “Integrated electromyogram and eye-gaze tracking cursor control system for computer users with motor disabilities”, Journal of Rehabilitation Research & Development, Pages 161–174, Volume 45, Number 1, 2008;

[25] E. Burke, Y. Nolan, A. de Paor, “An Electro-Oculogram Based System for Communication and Control Using Target Position Variation”, TeaPOT: People Oriented Technology Conf., Dublin Inst. of Tech. 2005;

[26] Thomas J. Liesegang, Gregory L. Skuta, Louis B. Cantor, “Basic and Clinical Science Course - American Academy of Ophthalmology”, San Francisco, ed. 2007-2008, vol 12 - Retina and Vitreous;

[27] V. Cehan „Bazele radioemiţătoarelor", Ed. MatrixRom, Bucureşti, 1997, ISBN 973-9254-39-X.

   

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